Which are the advantages of the angiogeology?

ANGIOO locates in a precise, reliable and fast way water bearing sites for geothermal, hydrothermal or hydromineral-water purposes. The technique used, called angiogeoscopy, is detects water vessels (and more specifically water arteries). These water vessels or conduits lead to the optimal collecting location of a water bearing site. Angiogeoscopy and the conditions under which it is marketed by ANGIOO, offer a range of advantages, mentioned below, which no owner of traditional techniques of geophysical research is able, to not only compete with, but to even approach. These advantages apply only to the hydrogeological surveys, not with the oil or gas surveys (which do not concern our business).

Precision

The force of the angiogeoscopy lies in the precision with which it locates in space (in 3D) the water vessels, in particular their origin with leaving any type of water reservoir.

ANGIOO locates the water vessels with a centimetric precision compared to the horizontal plane of surface. The precision is less compared to the depth for which it amounts to a few tens of pourcents (in the worst of the cases). It is obviously preferable that the precision obtained along the horizontal axes is what it is, and definitely better than that obtained along the vertical axis, rather than the reverse. The drilling location can thus be precisely given. The vertical structural test drilling then makes it possible to determine the exact depth of the collecting location.

Note:

• This inaccuracy on the depth excludes the use of wells deviated for exploratory drilling.
• A well of working can, him, deviated being (typically for the purpose of safeguarding of the landscape or for reasons of facility of placement of the equipment of drilling) in so far as its drilling can be directed with sufficient precision.

Minimization of the risks of drilling

Although weak in its probability of supervening, but gigantic in its potential impact, the seismic risk is the obsession of the geothermal exploitation with high enthalpy. Safety must, always, being the first concern of an industrial exploitation. The materialization of such a risk, on a significant scale, would kill in egg the rise of the high enthalpy geothermy. Such seismic disturbances already rang the knell of projects as in Basle or Landau (Rhineland-Palatinate). The number of geothermal exploitations has to increase and, with him, the multiplication of the risks, therefore also the probability of supervening of a serious accident. The development of the nuclear power was stopped - and even reversed - by the accidents to Three Mile Island, Tchernobyl and Fukushima. It should absolutely be prevented that such a scenario reproduces with a renewable energy and clean.

The drilling locations specified by ANGIOO minimize the seismic risks, because the taking away carried out in the geothermal reservoirs are done with their natural leakage points and do not disturb the hydrodynamic balance of the underground water system. The angiogeology does not require any forced injection of fluid which would deteriorate always dubious balance between tensions lithospheric or which would lubricate the plates at their contact details. No fracturing of the rocks by water injection very high pressure is necessary to increase the permeability of it, as it is the case for the improved geothermal systems (EGS) which we disadvise highly, initially for the risks which they represent.

Another geological risk is that of increase uncontrolled - and unverifiable - of mud which destroy hundreds of hectares, as in Java (close to Sidoarjo). This second type of risk, potentially less destroying, is more difficult to exclude a priori. We think that the angiogeology the tiny room appréciablement because it is the discharge of a water artery in a particular geological context which produces such a mud mass under pressure. This discharge is always remotely carried out - compared to a plan of surface - starter of the water artery (which is at the level of the exurgence point). Several kilometers typically separate the ends from an important water artery. To Drill with the vertical of the exurgence point thus decreases appréciablement the risks of such an increase.

Hydrogeological Optimization of the collecting well

The taking away carried out in an unspecified place of a water reservoir, discovered by groping as can only do it traditional hydrogeology, are not optimal. A geothermal reservoir or aquifer is, in almost the whole of the cases, a space of transition between hydrogeological flows. Its natural outgoing flow determines its potential of durable exploitation. A collecting well carried out in a random point inevitably enters in competition with its or - exceptionally - its other natural leakage points. Such a collecting well will be able to thus take only one fraction of the water potential of this reservoir.

The angiogeology does not puncture by chance the geothermal reservoirs or aquifers. Thanks to the extremely precise location of the water vessels - and thus of their origin - the angiogeoscopy makes it possible to position the collecting well exactly on the level of the natural leakage point, called not exurgence, reservoir (the deep reservoirs seldom have some several). To Proceed of the kind makes it possible to maximize collected efferent flow since:

• this taking away does not enter in competition with other outgoing flows,
• the exurgence point concentrates the starter of all the efferent water vessels (those form a spangled structure, centered on this point - to see on this subject our monograph on the angiogeogenesis).

Minimization of the effort of drilling

The exurgence point of a water reservoir,

• is generally located towards reservoir nearest to surface,
• does not require, in theory, drilling that of only one well by reservoir,
• is such as a collecting well which is positioned there minimizes the disturbances with the underground water system of which this reservoir is part since it consists in collecting a natural flow.

In the case of a geothermal exploitation with high enthalpy, ANGIOO recommends to drill a well re-injection by water artery resulting from the exurgence point. The More there are such arteries (there can be up to 20), higher will be the potential of the layer. The injection wells grow hollow at the end of these water arteries. They are typically more, but much less deep than in the case of traditional exploitations, so that the total effort of drilling of the injection wells is appréciablement less.

The taking away and the re-injections (if necessary), determined by angiogeology, form part of the natural ascending water cycle, contrary to those operated in traditional hydrogeology which are done largely with the aveuglette. An angiogeological collecting well diverts directly surfaces of it an underground water flow useful to its natural origin and reinjects it on the level of its natural discharge system, generally located at a few tens of meters of surface. The choices of establishment determined by angiogeology minimize the disturbances undergone by natural flows and thus perennialize the exploitation.

Thermodynamic Optimization of the collecting well

The leakages undergone by the geothermal reservoirs maximize the hydraulic energy evacuated out of geothermal reservoir. This energy comes, directly or indirectly, of the related water feedings (convection) and of the magma (conduction). To Carry Out a collecting well on the level of the exurgence point maximizes the enthalpy flow which one can extract from the geothermal reservoir.

Nonintrusive Character and not polluting

Our research and surveys do not leave any trace on the surface and deteriorate, neither the structure, nor hydrogeological flows. They do not induce any pollution and do not modify the physico-chemical composition of the aquifers undergrounds. No injection of fluid is necessary.

Speed

Under the best conditions, one week is generally enough to buckle an angiogeological survey and to identify, if necessary, the collecting locations with high commercial potential which a site of several tens of square kilometers can offer (in condition also of having an accessibility and a “reasonable” visibility).

Reliability of the put forth recommendations

All the water bearing sites recommended by ANGIOO are productive and ANGIOO can detect all the water bearing sites (except problem of accessibility on foot, but then the drilling rigs will not be able to reach it either).

exploratory drillings which follow a specification of ANGIOO do not help to locate the water bearing sites, but are used to measure precisely and exactly:

• depth,
• flow,
• enthalpy,
• the physico-chemical composition of the geological fluid.

At the end of exploratory drilling, the profitability of the investment of exploitation of the layer can be calculated precisely (what facilitates their financing).

Maximization of the perenniality of the wells of drilling

The drilling locations recommended by ANGIOO avoid the stranding and the congestion of the well, improving thus drastiquement perenniality of the collecting well and thus also the return on investment. The proportion of the suspended particles in the fluids is always minimal because the taking away are carried out at the points where natural hydrogeological flows are maximum.

In the same way, the injection wells recommended by ANGIOO will not affect the viability of the wells of exploitation. The collecting locations and of re-injection determined by angiogeology correspond to the natural points of passage of existing flow since millenia. There is thus no degradation related to the influence of the re-injection on the collecting well. The angiogeology thus makes it possible to avoid, like that occurs for the drillings carried out with the aveuglette, the “death” of well of consecutive exploitation to the re-injection.

The risk - tiny - of complete loss of circulation [of the flushing fluids] due to an excessive porosity of the geological layers crossed during drilling cannot be excluded. Except this reserve, the drilling locations recommended by ANGIOO will maximize the lifetime of the wells.

Minimization of the efforts of treatment of flows

A collecting well determined by angiogeoscopy is done where the geological fluid is purest, because the taking away is carried out on the level of maximum flow, where deposits, or accumulations of non condensablees gas, are minimal. The equipment of treatment of the geological fluids is thus at least reduced (what does not want to say removed), as well:

• in entry, to protect the equipment from production and the rejections in the atmosphere,
• that at exit when flow must be treated before being rejected in nature.

This minimization of the equipment of treatment results in costs projects and costs of maintenance appréciablement less.

Too Much beautiful to be true?

Yes it is almost too beautiful. Not it is not pipe, because ANGIOO:

• agree to be remunerated only if its customers draw an effective income from the exploitation of the drilling locations recommended and
• so do not ask anything of other exploratory drillings, carried out on the same site, allow to identify better collecting locations that those indicated by ANGIOO.

We thus offer, not only one garanteed result, but, moreover, the guarantee of the best possible result.

The confidence of our clients and our partners is not based solely on the advantages of our techniques and our commercial approach. It also rises from the transparency with which we communicate the gaps and deficiencies of our possibilities. This is why ANGIOO presents, also honestly, the limitations of the angiogeology (even if they are not very handicapping for the pursued goals).